Thursday, December 12, 2019

"Nations, kindreds, tongues and people" - links to the Book of Revelation, Zenos and the brass plates

The expression, "nation, kindred, tongue and people" appears 19 times in the Book of Mormon. A closer look reveals some interesting connections. 3 of these are the testimony of the 3 and 8 witnesses and the testimony of Joseph Smith. Since these are influenced by the Book of Mormon text rather than a part of the original text, we ignore these for now. I will not quote the rest of the scriptures containing this expression, but they are found in 1 Nephi 5:18, 11:36, 14:11, 14:15, 19:17, 22:28, 2 Nephi 26:13, 30:8, Mosiah 3:20, 15:28, 16:1, 27:25, Alma 9:20, 37:4, 45:16 and 3 Nephi 28:29.

Some observations:

  • In the Bible, this expression appears nowhere except for twice in Revelations (one of those times in a different order). There seems to be some kind of connection, since it is used 3 times in Nephi's vision in 1 Nephi 11-14, and Nephi states in 14:25, 27 that John the Revelator will write the rest of the vision
  • The first time this expression is used is when Lehi gets the brass plates in 1 Nephi 5:18. The expression is related to the future of the brass plates as demonstrated in this post
  • The expression is used in 1 Nephi 19:17 when Nephi is quoting Zenos as well as in 1 Nephi 22:28 where he also might be quoting Zenos (in this post, I argue that Nephi was quoting Zenos in the latter half of the chapter, even though he is only referred to as "the prophet"). Zenos seems to be an important prophet on the brass plates, which emphasizes the previous point. It seems that Zenos may be the originator of this expression and the Book of Mormon prophets adapt it.
  • When Abinadi uses this expression twice, he makes a clear allusion to Zenos. Compare 1st Nephi 19:16-17
Yea, then will he remember the isles of the sea; yea, and all the people who are of the house of Israel, will I gather in, saith the Lord, according to the words of the prophet Zenos, from the four quarters of the earth.
Yea, and all the earth shall see the salvation of the Lord, saith the prophet; every nation, kindred, tongue and people shall be blessed.
with Mosiah 15:28
And now I say unto you that the time shall come that the salvation of the Lord shall be declared to every nation, kindred, tongue, and people.
and Mosiah 16:1
The time shall come when all shall see the salvation of the Lord; when every nation, kindred, tongue, and people shall see eye to eye 

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