I became interested in the word bosom as I studied the phrase "taken unto himself" in Alma 45 and Alma 46. The connection comes from this verse:
69 And Enoch and all his people with God, and he dwelt in the midst of Zion; and it came to pass that Zion was not, for God received it up into his own bosom; and from thence went forth the saying, Zion is Fled. (Moses 7)
The Hebrew meaning of bosom reminds me of the metaphor of Zion as a hidden garden. The bosom is where you keep something that is both cherished and protected/hidden from plain view.
Bosom --חֵיק (ḥêq)
The word is translated in various ways, including 'lap' and 'arms.' It can even refer to the cloak covering the chest, where important things are stored (even the hands). As with many Hebrew terms, there is both a positive and and negative connotation to this term. In the positive sense, the bosom of the Lord is a symbol of divine care and protection, as in Enoch. See also this verse:
11 He shall feed his like a : he shall gather the lambs with his arm, and carry them in his bosom, and shall gently lead those that are with young. (Isaiah 40)
In this Psalm, the author pleads with God to act on Israel's behalf by no longer withdrawing His hand in protecting and defending His people:
11 Why thou thy hand, even thy right hand? pluck it out of thy bosom. (Psalm 74)
In the negative context, the word can refer to divine judgement as well, as in these verses:
6 Behold, it is written before me: I will not keep silence, but will , even recompense into their bosom,
7 Your iniquities, and the iniquities of your fathers together, saith the Lord, which have burned incense upon the mountains, and me upon the hills: therefore will I measure their former work into their bosom. (Isaiah 65)
According to the NIDOTTE, the expression in Hebrew is “pay back/measure/bring into the lap.” (See also Psalm 79:12 and Jeremiah 32:18.) The verses above offer a twist on the more familiar expression "burning in the bosom."
One additional negative example:
11 Mine eyes do fail with , my are troubled, my liver is poured upon the earth, for the of the daughter of my people; because the children and the sucklings swoon in the streets of the city.
12 They say to their mothers, Where is corn and wine? when they swooned as the wounded in the streets of the city, when their soul was poured out into their mothers’ bosom. (Lamentations 2)
In this verse, the author uses very stark imagery to make it clear that in the day of judgement a mother will not be able to save her precious child -- the children die in their mothers' arms.
Let's close on a more positive note. Getting back to Enoch, we learn some important truths from the Doctrine & Covenants about the gathering, centered on the word "bosom." For example, in Doctrine & Covenants 76, Christ is described three times as being "in the bosom of the Father" (see verses 13, 25, and 39). Then in section 38, we see these three references to "bosom":
4 I am the same which have taken the of into mine own bosom; and verily, I say, even as many as have in my name, for I am Christ, and in mine own name, by the virtue of the which I have spilt, have I pleaded before the Father for them. ...
30 I tell you these things because of your prayers; wherefore, up in your bosoms, lest the wickedness of men reveal these things unto you by their wickedness, in a manner which shall speak in your ears with a voice louder than that which shall shake the earth; but if ye are prepared ye shall not fear. ...
38 See that all things are preserved; and when men are with power from on high and sent forth, all these things shall be gathered unto the bosom of the church. (Doctrine & Covenants 38)
From these verses, we see that just as Christ is in the bosom of the Father, Enoch has been taken into the bosom of Christ. The same blessing is promised to us if we will "treasure up wisdom in [our] bosoms." Finally, the gathering of property and possessions into the "bosom of the church" happens as a result of temple covenants and blessings. It is the surrendering of our will to God, allowing Him to lead us, that creates peace and abundance on earth and brings about the conditions of the Second Coming. All of this is taught beautifully using the word bosom.
One final example is found in section 88, in reference to the celestial heirs and the final "resting" state of the earth:
4 This Comforter [the Holy Spirit of Promise] is the which I give unto you of , even the of the celestial kingdom;
5 Which glory is that of the church of the , even of God, the holiest of all, through Jesus Christ his Son—
6 He that up on high, as also he below all things, in that he all things, that he might be in all and through all things, the of truth;
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12 Which proceedeth forth from the presence of God to the immensity of space—
13 The which is in all things, which giveth to all things, which is the by which all things are governed, even the of God who upon his throne, who is in the bosom of eternity, who is in the midst of all things.
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17 And the redemption of the soul is through him that all things, in whose bosom it is decreed that the and the of the shall inherit it.
18 Therefore, it must needs be from all , that it may be prepared for the glory;
19 For after it hath filled the measure of its creation, it shall be crowned with , even with the presence of God the Father;
20 That bodies who are of the kingdom may it forever and ever; for, for this was it made and created, and for this intent are they . (Doctrine & Covenants 88)